venous aneurysm

The medical clinic's team of qualified cardiovascular surgeons/phlebologists diagnose and treat all types of varicose veins and associated pathologies at any stage of the disease. Our proud assets are treatments based on the Israeli protocol, which has shown maximum effectiveness in clinical practice.Varicose Veins – The trigger for varicose veins is thought to be disruption of the normal function of the venous valves and the occurrence of reverse flow (reflux) of blood.Usually, the valves that are subject to the greatest mechanical stress are affected first. In this case, pathological drainage of blood occurs through the ostia of the great and small saphenous veins and sometimes through large perforating veins. The excess blood volume created in the superficial veins gradually causes the vein walls to overstretch. The total amount of blood contained in the superficial venous beds of the lower extremities increases. The increased blood volume continues to flow into the deep systems through the perforating veins, overstretching them. As a result, perforating veins develop dilatation and valvular insufficiency.

Symptoms and signs of disease

Signs of illness are not necessarily related to pain. On the contrary, most patients claim that in the early stages of the disease, they are more concerned about cosmetic issues than pain.Clinical manifestations depend on the localization of the pathological process and the stage of the disease.The symptoms of varicose veins in the lower limbs are as follows:

• Heaviness in the legs and a feeling of fullness in the legs.
• Calf muscle spasms, foot and finger spasms.
• Feeling very tired after walking for a long time.
• Ankle swelling at night.
• Embossed pattern of veins on skin, spider veins, spider veins.
• Symptoms accompanying this disease are cellulite, itching of the legs, dryness of the ankles and calves, thinning and sagging of the skin, long-healing ulcers, uneven pigmentation - ranging from dark spots to colorless areas, noticeable nodule formation, Color ranges from blue to deep purple or burgundy, trophic ulcers.

Progressive venous disease is accompanied by worsening of overall health:

• Unstable blood pressure, hypertension, and hypotension.
• Feelings of chronic fatigue and apathy occur.
• Arrhythmia, tachycardia.
• Shortness of breath, a common disease of the respiratory system.

The obvious symptoms of varicose veins in women's lower limbs may be more severe before menstruation and lessen after menstruation.Symptoms of upper extremity venous pathology are characterized by hand numbness, finger spasms, goosebumps, tingling, and coldness.Esophageal varices manifests as hiccups, burning sensation, retrosternal pain, esophageal and gastric inflammation, dysphagia, and symptoms of reflux esophagitis and anemia.

Diagnosis of disease

Without an initial comprehensive diagnosis, effective treatment of varicose veins cannot be achieved. The diagnosis can be confirmed by clinical manifestations and data analysis after hardware studies.
The following methods are most commonly used for diagnosis:

• Dual or triple ultrasound vascular scan;
• contrast venography;
• MRI and venography;
• Contrast angiography.

To determine whether reflux is present in the affected vein and to assess blood flow, several test procedures are performed:

• Check for venous compression at different segments.
• Valsalva maneuver or strain test.
• The unbalanced Parana test evaluates veins in the calf area.
• Walking test at different intensities.

Other ways to clarify the diagnosis:

• Plethysmography can determine venous return and obstruction.
• CT, MRI are used to visualize the tissues and structures of the affected area.
• Infrared thermography assesses the temperature balance in affected areas of the body.
• Intravascular ultrasound uses a catheter to view the walls of blood vessels from the inside.

The results of any diagnostic studies performed are fully evaluated. Any diagnosis can go a long way in determining further treatment strategies.
Clinical laboratory tests of blood and urine can complement the picture of the disease and can indicate accompanying pathological conditions.

How are varicose veins treated?

If alarming symptoms of varicose veins occur, you should consult a doctor promptly to confirm the diagnosis and start treatment. In regional medical institutions this problem is handled by general surgeons, and in clinics by phlebologists and vascular surgeons. The multidisciplinary medical clinic has a well-equipped phlebology department, staffed by a team of surgeons with extensive practical experience. The center provides a high level of service and quality of treatment, which is reflected in the excellent clinical outcomes of which we are proud.Varicose veins and other types of pathologies of the lower limbs can be treated in the first stages of development. As the process progresses, it becomes increasingly ineffective, partially retaining only symptomatic significance.The therapeutic effect cannot completely eliminate the disease, but as long as it can delay the destruction of blood vessels and the development of complications, this must be done by all available means.Conservative treatment

• In the early stages of varicose vein treatment, medications are limited to intravenous injections.
• To reduce the risk of thrombosis and occlusion, injectable anticoagulants and low-molecular-weight heparin, Fazmin, may be administered.
• New oral anticoagulants.
• For inflammation of blood vessels and surrounding tissues, it is recommended to use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory topical drugs such as diclofenac and indomethacin.

How to treat varicose veins?While undergoing treatment, patients are advised to perform certain exercises to strengthen the muscle bundles of the lower limbs and have an overall strengthening effect. For example, the best exercise for lying down is "cycling, " alternately pulling your toes toward you and stretching them, like in ballet.

• You should be careful with water and heat therapies, as hot baths and showers, and beach holidays sunbathing in the sun can worsen the condition. Blood vessels need to be strengthened, and when warm and cold water are poured on the legs alternately, hardening through contrast showers can promote the strengthening of blood vessels.
• For pain, inflammation and heaviness in the legs, a daily cool foot bath with a decoction of oak bark, chamomile, calendula, birch leaves, St. John's wort, white acacia flowers and horse chestnut is recommended.
• Freshly squeezed aloe vera leaf juice is useful when rubbed into the skin; it softens the skin and prevents inflammation.
• It's worth changing your habits and quitting smoking. The diet should be based on foods rich in vitamins and high in fiber, fresh vegetables, citrus fruits and seafood.
• You need to adjust your water drinking habits by drinking enough water (1. 5 to 2 liters) every day. At the same time, the intake of coffee, strong tea, chocolate and alcohol should be reduced.

If your leg veins are enlarged, your doctor may recommend wearing compression stockings regularly or continuously.attention! Regardless, you should listen to your doctor's advice and follow it strictly. Self-medication is unacceptable!

disease cause

Family history leads us to conclude that varicose veins are genetically determined and can be inherited.In many clinical cases, the exact cause of the disease cannot be determined. The researchers concluded that the culprit is a combination of internal and external factors.Causes of varicose veins:

• Congenital defects in the valve system;
• physical inactivity, lack of activity;
• Pregnant;
• Working conditions involving long-term pressure on the legs, standing for long periods of time, and in static positions;
• treatment with certain hormonal medications;
• Uncomfortable shoes, high heels;
• obesity;
• Tight underwear, clothing that tightens the hips and knees (e. g. , very tight jeans, shapewear);
• Lift weights regularly;
• systemic pathology of the kidneys, heart, and blood vessels;
• diabetes;
• Frequent intestinal problems, frequent diarrhea or constipation.

Varicose veins in the lower limbs (varicose veins)- Dilatation of superficial veins of the lower extremities with valvular insufficiency and impaired blood flow. The word "varicose veins" comes from Latin. Varicose veins - "swelling".As a result, the veins cease to work normally, the entire circulatory system is disturbed and complicated by congestion, destruction of tissue nutrients, and clotting of blood vessels by blood clots. Many complications can be life-threatening, so if a varicose vein attack is suspected, prompt professional diagnosis and treatment is necessary.

disease type

Blood flow in blood vessels changes, slows down, and blood clots can form in uneven vessel walls. Changes in vascular function lead to blood stagnation, venous insufficiency, and persistent disturbances in peripheral capillary circulation.According to the World Health Organization, 45% of women and 20% of men suffer from varicose veins.According to the recognized international classification CEAP, varicose veins are divided into six disease stages, based on the fact that C0 is the complete absence of subjective, visual and clinical signs.

• C1 – Initial stage, manifested by a network of capillaries and spider veins on the skin.
• C2 – Thickening of subcutaneous veins can be seen, with a blue line-like pattern of veins in the lower extremities.
• C3 – Swelling of the legs due to prolonged standing or resting (nighttime sleep).
• C4 – Changes in the surface of the skin with areas of uneven pigmentation, venous eczema with itching and ulceration, lipodermatosclerosis.
• C5 – Venous ulcers on the surface of the skin that will heal over time.
• C6 – Non-healing venotrophic ulcer.

The classification of varicose veins of the lower limbs distinguishes the pathology of superficial and/or deep vessels, penetrating communicating veins.Depending on the origin, venous deformations can be:

• Congenital, manifesting itself in infants;
• acquired;
• Secondary, arising in the context of other illnesses or injuries;
• Idiopathic, unknown cause.

The complete classification of varicose veins of the lower limbs and organs also includes complications - reverse flow, regurgitation and/or luminal occlusion, blockage.
Although varicose veins in the lower extremities are the most common, they are not the only manifestation of varicose veins. There are also esophageal varices, sublingual veins, retina, scrotum (varicose veins in men), stomach, rectal corpus cavernosum (hemorrhoids), pelvic veins, female reproductive organs - vulva, labia, uterus.

Surgical treatment of varicose veins

RFO (radiofrequency saphenous vein occlusion)It is a modern method of treating varicose veins. Treatment involves the application of radiofrequency radiation to the lining of the vein. Using the effects of heat, the veins are "welded" and disconnected from the general blood flow, only to be replaced by connective tissue after a few months.advantage

• This procedure does not require general anesthesia; local anesthesia is sufficient;
• Maximum safety for patient health
• RFA requires no special preparation;
• The patient will not feel pain or discomfort during the procedure;
• Radiofrequency ablation of lower extremity veins is very effective;
• The likelihood of complications is low, and nearly all patients tolerate the procedure well;
• Radiofrequency ablation can be combined with tributary venectomy or sclerotherapy;
• No scars or marks are left after radiofrequency ablation;
• A few days after surgery, patients can return to their normal lifestyle.

how is the progressThe intervention was performed under ultrasound control. Before the procedure begins, a local anesthetic is administered so that the patient does not feel pain or discomfort during the treatment.
Let’s see how RFA works step by step:

• Before surgery, the lower limbs were thoroughly treated with antiseptics. The doctor then uses a marker to mark the veins that are prone to varicose veins. The doctor then inserts a radiofrequency catheter into the vein and treats the desired area with radiofrequency waves.
• At the end of the procedure, the catheter is removed and the doctor applies a bandage and helps the patient put on a compression garment.
• This process lasts 30 to 50 minutes. To stop blood flow through a fragile blood vessel, it must be destroyed. The body itself then redirects the blood to healthy veins. As a result, after ablation, the vein walls stick together and scar tissue forms inside (safe and unnoticeable), and the varicose veins disappear.

recoveryAfter surgery, patients must walk immediately (for about 30 minutes) to avoid stagnation of blood and lymph fluid. After lower extremity venous radiofrequency ablation, you need to carefully follow the doctor's recommendations:

• Increased physical activity and heavy lifting are prohibited for one week;
• Need to walk more and stay in the same position as little as possible (except when sleeping);
• You need to stop taking hot baths and only shower within 3-4 weeks;
• Must stop going to bathhouses for at least a month;
• Try to drink as much plain water as possible, about 2. 5 liters on average, and try to reduce salt intake as much as possible;
• One week after surgery, you will need to start physical therapy, your doctor will tell you;
• It is possible that your doctor will prescribe some medications after radiofrequency ablation of the veins in your lower extremities.

Following these rules will help you avoid complications and prevent the further development of varicose veins.One week after surgery, re-examination (ultrasound of the veins of the lower extremities) is required. You can find more detailed information about lower extremity vein radiofrequency ablation during an in-person consultation with a specialist.Laser coagulation of veinsEndovenous (intravenous) laser coagulation (occlusion) of varicose veins (EVLK, EVLO) is a modern method designed to eliminate backflow of blood in superficial and perforating veins using the thermal energy of laser radiation. EVLO allows you to do so without the need for incisions and does not require the patient to be hospitalized. The international term is EVLA (endovenous laser ablation).main stage

• Venipuncture. Performed under ultrasound guidance.
• Light guide positioning. The light guide is a thin optical fiber. Laser radiation is supplied to its end. A light guide is inserted into the diseased vein. Its end is installed at the point where varicose veins flow into healthy deep veins, that is, the anastomosis.
• Tumescent anesthesia. A "cushion" of anesthetic is formed around the vein to better press the vein against the light guide and avoid damaging surrounding tissue.
• Laser vein coagulation. Laser radiation is provided to the working part of the light guide.
• At the same time, the light guide is slowly pulled out of the vein. As a result, the vein is heated uniformly by the laser to 85°C. Like any protein, heated veins shrink when exposed to heat. The vein lumen disappears and blood stops flowing.

recoveryAfter surgery, patients must walk immediately (about 40 minutes) to avoid stagnant blood and lymph fluid. After venous EVLO of the lower limbs, it is necessary to follow the doctor's recommendations:

• Increased physical activity and heavy lifting are prohibited for one week;
• Need to walk more and stay in the same position as little as possible (except when sleeping);
• You need to stop taking hot baths and only shower within 3-4 weeks;
• Must stop going to bathhouses for at least a month;
• Try to drink as much plain water as possible, about 2. 5 liters on average, and try to reduce salt intake as much as possible;
• One week after surgery, you will need to start physical therapy, your doctor will tell you;
• Your doctor may prescribe medications after surgery.

SclerotherapyIt is a non-surgical (minimally invasive) method of eliminating varicose veins and spider veins in the lower limbs.Benefits of Venous Sclerotherapy:

• Absolute outpatient care, no additional preparation required,
  execution speed,
• No anesthesia required,
• There are no complications commonly associated with surgical treatments, such as nerve damage.
• There is no "heat-induced phlebitis" characteristic of coagulation methods, and is accompanied by persistent pain along the coagulated veins.

Therefore, today venous sclerotherapy is an effective, safe method for treating varicose veins and can in some cases be used as an alternative to other types of surgical intervention.The basis of the sclerotherapy approach is the occlusion of the vein by introducing chemicals into the lumen of the vein, which "wash away" the lining (endothelium) and cause subsequent internal fibrosis. The extent of endothelial damage depends on the concentration and volume of the drug administered.The modern medical center uses advanced varicose vein treatment technology to ensure that all treatments are most effective. Modern equipment used by experienced professionals will relieve your varicose veins in the shortest possible time, without complications or long-term recovery.Treatment in modern clinics means significant improvements in health and quality of life.